Precisely because the Catholic teaching of social justice is important to us, its concepts have been twisted in the US political process. The term “social justice” has been co-opted with a new, almost opposite meaning – to forcefully redistribute wealth through taxation and to make decisions for all through a large, powerful central government.

While not precisely meeting the definition of socialism, these are hallmarks of it. When you hear politicians refer to “social justice,” “common good,” or even “preferential option for the poor” – they are really referring to a liberal social agenda, supported by a collectivist economic system and led by themselves (the elite). They are purposefully usurping our terms with the intent to mislead. This is far from the concepts of Catholic social justice.

It is important to note that no US political party embraces the true social justice concepts embodied in Catholic teaching. Their public goals and hidden agendas are often at odds with the genuine teaching. The Catholic Church does not endorse any political party.

The Church also does not endorse any form of government. However, it specifically condemns socialism. Long before the term “socialism” was coined, Saint John Chrysostom (347 to 407 AD) wrote:

Should we look to kings and princes to put right the inequalities between rich and poor? Should we require soldiers to come and seize the rich person’s gold and distribute it among his destitute neighbors? Should we beg the emperor to impose a tax on the rich so great that it reduces them to the level of the poor and then to share the proceeds of that tax among everyone?

Equality imposed by force would achieve nothing, and do much harm. Those who combined both cruel hearts and sharp minds would soon find ways of making themselves rich again. Worse still, the rich whose gold was taken away would feel bitter and resentful; while the poor who received the gold form the hands of soldiers would feel no gratitude, because no generosity would have prompted the gift.

Far from bringing moral benefit to society, it would actually do moral harm.

Material justice cannot be accomplished by compulsion, a change of heart will not follow. The only way to achieve true justice is to change people’s hearts first – and then they will joyfully share their wealth.

Saint John Chrysostom
Doctor of the Church

1,500+ years later our shepherds continue to warn us against the lies and false promises of socialism.

…Socialism…   cannot be reconciled with the teachings of the Catholic Church because its concept of society itself is utterly foreign to Christian truth.

Quadragesimo Anno, 117, Encyclical of Pope Pius XI
Reconstruction of the Social Order, May 15, 1931

Pope Pius XI further emphasized the fundamental opposition between Communism and Christianity, and made it clear that no Catholic could subscribe even to moderate Socialism.

Mater Et Magistra, 34, Pope John XXIII
On Christianity and Social Progress, May 15, 1961

…the fundamental error of socialism is anthropological in nature. Socialism considers the individual person simply as an element, a molecule within the social organism, so that the good of the individual is completely subordinated to the functioning of the socio-economic mechanism. Socialism likewise maintains that the good of the individual can be realized without reference to his free choice, to the unique and exclusive responsibility which he exercises in the face of good or evil.

Centesimus Annus, 13, Encyclical of Pope John Paul II
January 5, 1991

Socialists…   debase the natural union of man and woman…   the [family] bond they…   deliver up to lust. Lured…   by the greed of present goods…   they assail the right of property. While they seem desirous of caring for the needs and satisfying the desires of all men, they strive to seize and hold in common whatever has been acquired either by title, by labor, or by thrift.

Quod Apostolici Muneris, 1, Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII
On Socialism, December 28, 1878

Read these quotes. There is little more that I could add.

The Catholic teaching of social justice reflects our obligation to love one another. It guides our conscience and actions with every person made in God’s image, regardless of how they may differ from us or even how they treat us. This broad teaching at its core, affirms the dignity of the person.

We hold that all human life is sacred, from the moment of conception to natural death. The respect for human dignity is the basis of our social teaching. Simply put, every person is our brother or sister and should be treated accordingly by us individually and by government. We are one community in support of each other and the valid promotion of common good. We call this solidarity.

The poor and vulnerable are especially recognized as priorities. Often their basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, employment, health care and education are neglected. Society must be structured to give everyone the opportunity to attain these foundational attributes of self-sufficiency. As the Church and individually, we are called to help as we are able to improve their circumstances. Governments must not deny rights or justice. This option for the poor is the true test of fulfilling the commandment to love one another.

If you cannot remember everything, instead of everything, I beg you, remember this without fail, that not to share our own wealth with the poor is theft from the poor and deprivation of their means of life; we do not possess our own wealth but theirs. If we have this attitude, we will certainly offer our money; and by nourishing Christ in poverty here and laying up great profit hereafter, we will be able to attain the good things which are to come, by the grace and kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with Whom (be glory, honor, and might,) to the Father, together with the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages. Amen.

Saint John Chrysostom
Doctor of the Church

Justice also demands that all people have a fundamental right to participate fully in the economic, political and cultural life of society. Through this participation we form the community. Barring participation marginalizes people and is an affront to human dignity. Everyone counts.

Workers have a right to a fair and just workplace. Jobs must offer productive work, fair wages and safe working conditions. Organizing of unions must also be permitted. There are limits however, such as amassing excessive wealth at the expense of basic necessities for others. I would also argue that unionizing sole providers of critical services leads to societal harm outweighing the interests of the few.

We came into this world with nothing and will leave the same way. In the interim, most of us are temporarily entrusted with some level of property and other wealth. Simply being wealthy is not contrary to social justice. What is important is how we use our wealth and that we take prudent steps to preserve the environment for future generations.

Government is to have a constructive role in our lives by protecting human rights, promoting human dignity and building the common good. Large, all encompassing, central government is not an authentic means to social justice. Our principle of subsidiarity demands that governmental services, where necessarily provided by government, be provided at the lowest level possible. Doing so provides the services closer to those receiving them, tailored more specifically for their needs and input, and limits broad power being concentrated into the hands of a few.

Governments must also promote peace and avoid war. Catholic social teaching provides for just war in very limited circumstances. It may be engaged only by competent authority, to advance comparative justice, for a right intention (generally – a just cause), as a last resort, with a high probability of success, waged with proportionality of the good to be attain balanced by the damage caused, and by moral means (i.e. subject to “rules of war”).

There are well over 1 billion Catholics spanning every culture, race and nationality. Most are quite faithful. If you are interested in the Catholic Church, you have probably met some Catholics who are wonderful examples of Catholic life.

Being Catholic does not mean being perfect. If only! It means we strive to follow Christ – in His Word and through His Church. This is our lifelong commitment and struggle to become saints. When we fail, we examine our conscience, confess, receive absolution and try our best to do much better. All faithful Catholics, including the pope, go to confession.

As professed Catholics, we are obliged to follow the teachings of our faith. Some things (dogma and doctrine) are not up for debate, they are simply the truth. Other things (discipline such as priest celibacy) are practices of the Church but could change. On some topics, the Church has taken no position although reasonable theories may have been advanced.

We must accept Holy Scripture, Sacred Tradition and the teaching authority of the Magisterium (the pope and bishops). Some things are black and white, the truth is known, and of them we are not free to individually decide something else. That is, we are not free to have personal interpretations of dogma and doctrine.

Non-Catholics sometime see this as oppressive. They are often (officially or not) able to decide truths for themselves within their Christian community. Yet there is only one truth, not a multitude of equally acceptable but different truths. Who is correct and does it matter? They don’t know and yes it does. Catholics do not suffer this struggle.

A concrete example is abortion. The Church teaches that we are commanded not to kill and that human life begins at conception. The purposeful taking of a baby’s life is not a “choice” but an intrinsic evil. We are not free to weigh the pros and cons of bringing a baby to term vs. killing it. We are not free to decide when life begins as that is a known, immutable fact.

You may be a member of many organizations. They all have rules, created by people, usually for good reasons. You may disagree with some rules. You may lobby to change them. In many cases you could even morally ignore them.

The Church is uniquely different. It was instituted by Christ to guide us to the salvation He earned for us on Calvary. He personally and directly gave the Church its authority. He promised its protection. To be disobedient to the Church is to be disobedient to God.

Does this mean the Church is perfect even if we are not. No, the Church is imperfect and has made mistakes. Most things written by the Church, said by priests, bishops or even the pope are not new infallible teaching. In fact, that is rarely the case.

Some popes have been canonized as Saints. Most have not – meaning we do not know if they are in heaven or not. We do know that some led scandalous lives. Yet for all the popes (266 from St. Peter to Pope Benedict XVI), sinners all, the few bad ones did not teach infallibility. They did not, for example, speak ex cathedra declaring themselves to be God (or even without sin). The Holy Spirit protected the Church.

Conversely, there are many examples of great popes who have given us much needed insight or made remarkably good decisions in the face of popular opposition from both inside and outside the Church. A recent example of this was during the “sexual revolution,” Pope Paul VI created a commission to study the morality of the newly available artificial birth control. After careful study, the commission voted 54 to 4 in favor. The results then were presented to 15 bishops who concurred. This was a very popular result which Pope Paul rejected in Humanae Vitae. It turns out, Pope Paul was correct and well guided by the Holy Spirit (see: this article, one of many good analysis).

Some Catholics are not obedient to the Church out of true ignorance. That is a failure of catechesis and they are not culpable.

Some Catholics are not obedient to the Church intentionally. They may reject one teaching or many. This often puts them in a state of mortal sin and very grave danger. Not from the Church, but at God’s judgment. They have the free will to put prideful arrogance above humble faithfulness, but are not free of the eternal consequences.

Yet, there is hope. Fallen away Catholics can come home, just as the prodigal son did. They often call themselves “reverts” and exhibit a zeal for the faith seen in many converts. Renewed as members of the Church Militant, their path straightened, they continue on the journey to salvation. That after all, is the purpose of Christ’s Church.

There are probably more charitable ways to say this, but in my opinion, Protestantism is a slow trainwreck in progress. It was started by the heresies of Martin Luther 500 years ago and will not be complete until all the scattered pieces come to rest. As individual objects (denominations, synods, assemblies, churches) cartwheel across the landscape they continue to break apart into ever smaller pieces.

This is no reflection on Protestants. I know many, many who are outstanding examples of devotion to Christ. They are good people, go to church, study scripture and do their level best to live as the gospel teaches. I was one of them. Many people I dearly love still are.

As a general rule, Protestants are not protesting anything. Many, like me, were born and raised in a Protestant denomination. Like Catholics, they recall endless fond memories of religious milestones (baptisms, confirmations, marriages), religious education (Sunday school, vacation Bible school, confirmation classes), service (teachers, church council, ushers), fellowship (men/women groups, bake sales, charitable endeavors) and countless religious holidays reverently celebrated with family and friends. Their faith is an important part of their identity and they can not picture becoming Catholic any more than they could picture a gender change operation!

Yet, they are often unknowingly trapped by that same self-identity. They see their churches becoming increasingly fragmented. Many know something is wrong. Theoretically, they could spend a great deal of time studying history and writings of the early Church fathers with open hearts and minds. To do so however would invite a huge risk. IF they were to conclude they were not in Christ’s true Church, how would they tell their siblings, parents, relatives, and church friends? It is so much easier to not find out. Besides, even after such effort, one could assume (or at least hope) that they were just not understanding the evidence correctly.

From the moment Luther broke his solemn vows to God as an ordained Catholic priest, not only was the creation of Protestantism marked, but its slow self-destruction too. Like cells dividing generation after generation, so has the Protestant world. Substituting their personal views for the Church instituted by Jesus. Calvin, Wesley and a multitude of others followed Luther with their own adjustments to the faith creating new Protestant churches. Who were these men? Were they sent by God? Were they prophets? Which among them had the “new” truth? Are Lutherans right and Methodists wrong? Has Baptist truths somehow escaped Episcopalians? Can anyone explain the spectrum of beliefs in the Anglican Union? Is a least-common-denominator Unitarian approach the silver bullet?

Protestantism is often discussed as if it identifies a common theology. It does not. There are numerous Protestant denominations (some estimates say tens of thousands). The differences between even “mainstream” denominations mentioned above spans a huge range from the extremely progressive where freedom of individual belief is paramount to the very conservative. Those on the conservative side are much closer to Catholicism than they would probably admit than they are to many of their Protestant brethren.

The reason for so many denominations primarily boils down to a lack of true authority. Founded themselves in schism from the one true Church, new schisms form when opinions differ, as they inevitably do. There is no Magisterium – direct successors to the Apostles, forever protected by the Holy Spirit – to protect the faith. The splintering happens frequently along progressive / conservative lines within denominations. US Lutherans are typical and a good case study.

Lutheranism in the US is primarily represented by 3 synods: the ELCA, the LCMS and WELS. The ELCA is by far the largest having around twice as many members as the next largest (LCMS). It was formed through the merger of three smaller synods and has become more progressive over time. Matters of organization and faith are decided in national conventions of delegates drawn from member churches. As progressives steadily increased control, rules for who could be a delegate were established (60% must be lay people, 50% female, 10% minority, etc.) that diminished the voice of trained clergy.

For some time, the ELCA has had women pastors, privately active homosexual pastors, “open table” communion, pastor healthcare plans that fully fund abortion for any reason and official opposition to pro-marriage (1 man, 1 woman) laws. ELCA Lutherans put new proposals to a vote of delegates. There were contentious issues (as usual) in August 2009. Specifically to accept openly practicing homosexual pastors (if they are in a “long-term, loving, committed relationship”) and to bless homosexual unions (a precursor to full recognition of homosexual “marriages”). Conservatives pushed for a super-majority (two thirds) requirement for passage but were defeated so a simple democratic majority of mostly lay people would decide.

When debate began on the proposed sex statement affirming homosexual relationships, a rare and completely unpredicted tornado struck downtown Minneapolis where the convention was held. It ripped off part of the convention center roof, but even more amazing is what happened to Central Lutheran Church directly across the street. That church had earlier hosted the homosexual lobby’s worship services. The tornado actually knocked the cross over on their steeple. This did not deter the vote which passed the proposal reportedly by 66.6%. Many observers did not dismiss these signs as coincidences.

The progressives won and there is no turning back. Conservatives will slowly melt away, strengthening the hand of the progressives at all levels. At the time of the vote, Dr. Michael Root, a well respected Lutheran theologian and Professor of Systematic Theology at the Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary in Columbia, SC (and dean thereof from 2003 through 2009) wrote in part:

There is much talk about unity in the ELCA. We need to be honest and also theologically sensitive to new possibilities of maintaining what unity we can. On the one hand, unity as it has existed in the ELCA is no longer possible (and perhaps has not existed for a while). The shared sense of law and gospel that communion requires is gone. I believe that must be said and said clearly.

Pushed from their Lutheran self-identity and with the scales fallen from their eyes to really see Catholicism, many will feel pulled by the Holy Spirit to the Church. That was my case. Others are intellectually led to the Catholic Church through study and research. It is surprisingly common for Protestant clergy to convert. In doing so they must make serious sacrifices. The Coming Home Network lay apostolate reaches out specifically to non-Catholic clergy.

To be steeped in history is to cease being Protestant.

Cardinal John Henry Newman (convert)

In my earlier post on Married priests, I featured aspect a picture of Father Tom McMichael and his wife Karin, but not his story. From the Archdiocese of Seattle website:

Reflecting last week on that process, he stressed that his years as a Lutheran pastor were a positive experience. But he said he felt a “pull towards the Catholic Church” and a “push” out of the Lutheran Church.

It was not the same Lutheran Church he had grown up in and trained for, he said. He and other pastors were becoming dismayed with the direction the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America – which formed in 1988 with the merger of three Lutheran church groups – was taking. Among other changes, there was less emphasis on the sacraments and on the liturgy, he said, two areas that he was passionate about.

In addition, the issues that separated the Lutheran and Catholic churches no longer seemed to be issues of importance in his mind. He was feeling enriched by the fullness of faith professed in the Catholic Church, and he was disappointed that the two churches no longer seemed on a track toward unity after encouraging signs that they were heading in that direction, most notably through their Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification in 1999 in which they agreed on a common understanding of their justification of God’s grace through faith in Christ.

“So I and many others found ourselves with some tough decisions to make,” he said. “Where do we fit into this new church? And can we work within it to bring about sort of a more Catholic understanding of liturgy and the sacraments and ecclesiology? Or can we not?”

It has now been 1 year since the latest progressive moves in the ELCA. Reflecting on the changes, has Lutheran theologian Dr. Root come to any conclusion? YES…

On Monday I shared with the faculty the news that in the near future I will be received into the Catholic Church. I now wish to share that news with you. This action is not one that I take lightly. The Lutheran church has been my intellectual and spiritual home for forty years. But we are not masters of our convictions. A risk of ecumenical study is that one will come to find another tradition compelling in a way that leads to a deep change in mind and heart. Over the last year or so, it has become clear to me, not without struggle, that I have become a Catholic in my mind and heart in ways that no longer permit me to present myself as a Lutheran theologian with honesty and integrity.

This move is less a matter of decision than of discernment.

No single issue has been decisive for me, but at the center of my reflection has been the question of how God’s grace engages the justified person and the church in the divine mission of salvation. How are we redeemed as the free and responsible agents God created us to be? Catholic theology speaks of God elevating the justified person and the church to participation in the divine life and mission, so that God grants the Christian and the church participation in God’s actions in a different way than Lutheran theology affirms. Catholic teachings do not follow from that vision with deductive force, but they do hang together with that vision in ways that I have come to find deeply convincing.

Welcome home Michael!!!